Separation of Moving Sound Sources Using Multichannel NMF and Acoustic Tracking

In this paper we propose a method for separation of moving sound sources. The method is based on first tracking the sources and then estimation of source spectrograms using multichannel non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) and extracting the sources from the mixture by single-channel Wiener filtering. We propose a novel multichannel NMF model with time-varying mixing of the sources denoted by spatial covariance matrices (SCM) and provide update equations for optimizing model parameters minimizing squared Frobenius norm. The SCMs of the model are obtained based on estimated directions of arrival of tracked sources at each time frame. The evaluation is based on established objective separation criteria and using real recordings of two and three simultaneous moving sound sources. The compared methods include conventional beamforming and ideal ratio mask separation. The proposed method is shown to exceed the separation quality of other evaluated blind approaches according to all measured quantities. Additionally, we evaluate the method's susceptibility towards tracking errors by comparing the separation quality achieved using annotated ground truth source trajectories.

acoustic source tracking; Acoustics; Array signal processing; Direction-of-arrival estimation; Estimation; Mathematical model; microphone arrays; Microphones; moving sound sources; Sound source separation; Spectrogram; time-varying mixing model