{"id":715,"date":"2020-03-02T10:37:54","date_gmt":"2020-03-02T08:37:54","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/preco.tamk.fi\/?page_id=715"},"modified":"2021-10-26T10:03:41","modified_gmt":"2021-10-26T07:03:41","slug":"pchc-model","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/webpages.tuni.fi\/preco\/pchc-model\/","title":{"rendered":"PCHC Model"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"715\" class=\"elementor elementor-715\" data-elementor-settings=\"[]\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-section-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-d768b5e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"d768b5e\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-85690bf\" data-id=\"85690bf\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-228f00e elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"228f00e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"sfsi_widget sfsi_shortcode_container\"><div id=\"sfsi_wDiv\"><\/div><div class=\"norm_row sfsi_wDiv \"  style=\"width:225px;text-align:left;\"><div style='width:40px; 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float: left;width:100%;z-index:-1;\"><\/div ><script>window.addEventListener(\"sfsi_functions_loaded\", function() \r\n\t\t\t{\r\n\t\t\t\tif (typeof sfsi_widget_set == \"function\") {\r\n\t\t\t\t\tsfsi_widget_set();\r\n\t\t\t\t}\r\n\t\t\t}); <\/script><div style=\"clear: both;\"><\/div><\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-bed0278 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"bed0278\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3bc23b5\" data-id=\"3bc23b5\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0ddfde5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0ddfde5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">DESCRIPTION OF THE PCHC-MODEL FOR EDUCATORS<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9753834 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9753834\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\t<div>The PCHC-model frames the content and defines the elements of preconception health and care. The elements describe the latest approaches in preconception health and care, including biological and health promotion approaches, as well as psychological, social, ethical and cultural perspectives. The model is easy to translate into the curricula of the healthcare courses of the participating countries. The honeycomb model serves as a guide for the concrete elaboration of the content, didactic approach and learning outcomes regarding preconception, preconception health and care. The model and its elements form a framework for the (e-learning) courses and the online platform. Deeper information can be found in our handbook <a href=\"https:\/\/www.theseus.fi\/bitstream\/handle\/10024\/504916\/PreconNet-5.pdf?sequence=2&amp;isAllowed=y\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Preconception Health and Care \u2013 Handbook for education<\/a><\/div><div>\u00a0<\/div><div>The content of the PCHC-model (honeycomb) describes factors that affect fertility. Research constantly reveals new information, which should be transferred to youth and adults to make sure they know how to protect their fertility and help them to make wise choices. The content of the Honeycomb-model will grow during the project. We start from factors with strong evidence of fertility effects.<\/div>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2860944 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"2860944\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-image\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"671\" height=\"548\" src=\"https:\/\/webpages.tuni.fi\/preco\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/386\/files\/2021\/09\/KUVA-1.-PCHC-eli-hunajakenomalli.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/webpages.tuni.fi\/preco\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/386\/files\/2021\/09\/KUVA-1.-PCHC-eli-hunajakenomalli.png 671w, https:\/\/webpages.tuni.fi\/preco\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/386\/files\/2021\/09\/KUVA-1.-PCHC-eli-hunajakenomalli-300x245.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 671px) 100vw, 671px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-37c9fa3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"37c9fa3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\t<p><a href=\"https:\/\/preco.tamk.fi\/tools-age-and-fertility\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><b>Age and fertility<\/b><\/a><\/p><p>Age affects the ability to conceive. Maternal\/female and paternal\/male fertility declines as women and men age. Age is the single biggest factor affecting a woman\u2019s fertility. For men, age-related fertility decline is more subtle but does happen as well. While the effects of female age on fertility have been known for a long time, more recent studies show that the age of the male partner also affects the chance of pregnancy and overall pregnancy health.<\/p><p><a href=\"https:\/\/preco.tamk.fi\/tools-understanding-reproduction\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><b>Understanding reproduction<\/b><\/a><\/p><p>Many women and men lack knowledge about fertility, including the anatomy and physiological functioning of their reproductive system. This item teaches you to understand how conception happens.<\/p><p><a href=\"https:\/\/preco.tamk.fi\/tools-lifestyle-factors\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><b>Lifestyle factors<\/b><\/a><\/p><p>Lifestyle factors are habits and choices of life that can influence overall health and well-being, including fertility. The influence that lifestyle factors have on fertility deserves our attention. There are lifestyle factors that negatively influence fertility while others are beneficial for fertility of both men and women.<\/p><p><a href=\"https:\/\/preco.tamk.fi\/tools-infection-risks\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><b>Infection risks<\/b><\/a><\/p><p>Infections (infectious diseases) can impact the reproductive health of women and men. These infections range from sexually transmitted infections (STIs) to TORCHS infections. Risk assessment, screening, and treatment for specific infections should be a component of preconception care.<\/p><p><a href=\"https:\/\/preco.tamk.fi\/tools-pre-existing-medical-conditions\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><b>Pre-existing medical conditions<\/b><\/a><\/p><p>Certain (chronic) medical conditions, in both men and women, increase the risk of infertility issues and risk of having an unhealthy child. Because pre-existing medical conditions have been associated with poor pregnancy outcomes, screening by a professional is advised. Following conditions need attention in good time before pregnancy: diabetes, endocrine, neurological, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, renal, immunological and hematological disorders.<\/p><p><a href=\"https:\/\/preco.tamk.fi\/tools-pre-existing-medical-conditions\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><b>Environmental factors<\/b><\/a><\/p><p>Environmental exposures in critical periods during pregnancy may result in lifelong or intergenerational adverse health effects. Most chemicals in commercial use have not been tested for possible fertility toxicity. Environmental exposure can result in adverse effects of female and male reproduction. Identifying men and women at risk, providing counselling about the impact of chemical toxicants, and empowering men and women to take precautionary action, is stated in guidelines for preconception.<\/p><p><a href=\"https:\/\/preco.tamk.fi\/tools-occupational-environment\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><b>Occupational environment<\/b><\/a><\/p><p>Occupational hazards may have an impact on reproductive health of men and women. Evidence is clear and provides guidance for health care professionals working in preconception health and care. Identifying the most susceptible environmental health hazards to fertility is the key to avoid future problems.<\/p><p><a href=\"https:\/\/preco.tamk.fi\/tools-social-environment\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><b>Social environment<\/b><\/a><\/p><p>Social environment and its\u2019 determinants can impact reproductive health. During women\u2019s preconceptional and pre-pregnancy consultations, healthcare providers may have difficulties to discuss socially stigmatized health topics, which are important for health of both mother (to be) and child. Social environment variables can be neighborhood (housing, mobility), education, discrimination (inequalities) and social support from friends, relatives, including interpersonal and intimate partner violence.<\/p><p>Strong evidence exists of the afore mentioned themes. The project and the honeycomb-model synthetize the scientific literature and translates the evidence into tools for education.<\/p><p>Our PCHC-model describes the factors without making priority lists. Fertility is a very individual and unique issue for everyone.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3eefe8a elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"3eefe8a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-6591\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6591\" aria-expanded=\"false\"><a href=\"\">Translations<\/a><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-6592\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6592\" aria-expanded=\"false\"><a href=\"\">DUT<\/a><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-6593\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6593\" aria-expanded=\"false\"><a href=\"\">FIN<\/a><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-6594\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6594\" aria-expanded=\"false\"><a href=\"\">FRA<\/a><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-6595\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6595\" aria-expanded=\"false\"><a href=\"\">GER<\/a><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-6596\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6596\" aria-expanded=\"false\"><a href=\"\">HRV<\/a><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-6597\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"7\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6597\" aria-expanded=\"false\"><a href=\"\">ITA<\/a><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-6598\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"8\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6598\" aria-expanded=\"false\"><a href=\"\">SLO<\/a><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-6599\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"9\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6599\" aria-expanded=\"false\"><a href=\"\">SWE<\/a><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6591\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Translations<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-6591\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-6591\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><p>Click on the tab of a specific language to read the translation.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6592\" aria-expanded=\"false\">DUT<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-6592\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-6592\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><p><b>BESCHRIJVING VAN HET PCHC-MODEL VOOR DOCENTEN<\/b><br><br>Het PCHC-model stelt de inhoud voor en definieert de elementen van preconceptionele gezondheid en zorg. De elementen beschrijven de meest up-to-date evidence op het gebied van gezondheid en preconceptie, zoals biologische en gezondheidsbevorderende factoren, maar psychologische, sociale, ethische en culturele thema\u2019s komen aan bod. Het model is makkelijk te vertalen naar de curricula van de opleidingen van de verschillende landen betrokken in het project. Het \u201cPreconNet honeycomb-model\u201d vormt de leidraad voor de uitwerking van de inhoud, didactische aanpak en leerresultaten. Het model en zijn elementen vormen een kader voor de (e-learning) cursussen en het online platform.<\/p>\n<p>De inhoud van het PCHC-model (honeycomb) beschrijft die factoren die van invloed zijn op de vruchtbaarheid. Onderzoek biedt voortdurend nieuwe informatie, die jongeren en volwassenen moet bereiken willen we om ervoor zorgen dat zij weten hoe ze hun vruchtbaarheid kunnen beschermen. <br>Tijdens het project zal de inhoud van het Honeycomb-model groeien naarmate er nieuwe inzichten komen. <br><\/p>\n<p><b>Leeftijd en vruchtbaarheid<\/b> <br>Leeftijd be\u00efnvloedt de kans om al dan niet zwanger te kunnen worden. De vruchtbaarheid van een moeder\/vrouw en een vader\/man neemt af naarmate zij ouder worden. Leeftijd is de belangrijkste factor die de vruchtbaarheid van een vrouw be\u00efnvloedt.<br>Voor mannen is de leeftijdsgerelateerde daling van de vruchtbaarheid subtieler, maar is er wel.<br>Hoewel de effecten van de vrouwelijke leeftijd op de vruchtbaarheid al lang bekend zijn, tonen recentere onderzoeken aan dat de leeftijd van de mannelijke partner ook de kans op zwangerschap en een gezonde zwangerschap be\u00efnvloedt.<\/p>\n<p><b>Voortplanting begrijpen<\/b> <br>Veel vrouwen en mannen hebben onvoldoende of geen kennis over vruchtbaarheid, inclusief de anatomie en het fysiologische functioneren van hun voortplantingssysteem. Dit item leert u begrijpen hoe conceptie plaatsvindt.<\/p>\n<p><b>Leefstijlfactoren<\/b>&nbsp; <br>Leefstijlfactoren zijn gewoonten en levenswijzen die gezondheid en welzijn in het algemeen, inclusief vruchtbaarheid, kunnen be\u00efnvloeden. De invloed die deze leefstijlfactoren hebben op de vruchtbaarheid verdient onze bijzondere aandacht.<br>Er zijn factoren die de vruchtbaarheid negatief be\u00efnvloeden, terwijl andere gunstig zijn voor de vruchtbaarheid van mannen en vrouwen.<\/p>\n<p><b>Infectierisico&#8217;s<\/b><br>Infecties kunnen de reproductieve gezondheid van vrouwen en mannen be\u00efnvloeden. Deze infecties vari\u00ebren van seksueel overdraagbare aandoeningen (SOA&#8217;s) tot de TORCHS-infecties. Risicodetectie, screening en behandeling van specifieke infecties moeten een onderdeel zijn van preconceptiezorg.<\/p>\n<p><br><b>Chronische aandoeningen<\/b><br>Bepaalde (chronische) medische aandoeningen, bij mannen en vrouwen, verhogen het risico op vruchtbaarheidsproblemen of op het krijgen van een baby met bepaalde medische aandoeningen. Omdat reeds bestaande medische aandoeningen in verband zijn gebracht met zwangerschapscomplicaties, wordt screening naar deze aandoeningen door de zorgverlener aanbevolen. Dit geldt voor volgende aandoeningen: endocriene aandoeningen, diabetes mellitus, neurologische aandoeningen, cardiovasculaire aandoeningen, gastro-intestinale aandoeningen, nieraandoeningen, immunologische aandoeningen, hematologische aandoeningen<br><br><b>Blootstelling aan het milieu<\/b><br>Blootstelling aan schadelijke milieufactoren tijdens de zwangerschap kan leiden tot nadelige levenslange of intergenerationele gezondheidseffecten. De meeste chemicali\u00ebn die commercieel worden gebruikt, zijn niet getest op mogelijke toxiciteit. Blootstelling hieraan kan nadelige effecten hebben op de vrouwelijke en mannelijke reproductie. Het identificeren van mannen en vrouwen die risico lopen, het geven van advies over de impact van chemische toxische stoffen en mannen en vrouwen aanmoedigen om voorzorgsmaatregelen te nemen, staan vermeld in richtlijnen voor preconceptie.<br><br><b>Beroepsrisico\u2019s<\/b><br>Gevolgen gelinkt aan het beroep kunnen van invloed zijn op de reproductieve gezondheid van mannen en vrouwen. Onderzoek is duidelijk en biedt richtlijnen voor zorgverleners. Het identificeren van zij die het meest vatbaar zijn voor de gevolgen, is de sleutel om toekomstige problemen te voorkomen.<br><br><b>Sociale omgeving<\/b><br>De sociale omgeving en de determinanten ervan kunnen de reproductieve gezondheid be\u00efnvloeden. Tijdens preconceptionele consulten is het voor zorgverleners een uitdaging om een beeld te krijgen van de al dan niet sociaal kwetsbare omgeving van de vrouw, het koppel. Echter, een beeld krijgen van de sociale omgeving is van belang om de gezondheid van zowel de toekomstige moeder als de toekomstige baby te bewaken. Wat verdient onze aandacht m.b.t. sociale omgeving: waar woont de vrouw\/het koppel (buurt, huisvesting, mobiliteit), onderwijs, sociale steun van vrienden, familieleden, interpersoonlijk en huiselijk geweld.<br><br><br>Onderzoekt onderbouwt bovenstaande thema\u2019s. Het project en het \u2018honeycomb-model\u2019 synthetiseren deze wetenschappelijke literatuur en vertalen het in praktische tools.<br><br>De thema\u2019s staan niet in volgorde van belangrijkheid. Vruchtbaarheid en mogelijke problemen zijn heel individueel bepaald. <br><\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6593\" aria-expanded=\"false\">FIN<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-6593\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-6593\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><p><b>PCHC-MALLI \u201dHUNAJAKENNO\u201d OPETTAJILLE JA AMMATTILAISILLE<\/b><\/p><p><b><br \/>PCHC-mallissa<\/b> kuvataan tuoreeseen ja ajankohtaiseen tietoon perustuen hedelm\u00e4llisyyteen ja lis\u00e4\u00e4ntymisterveyteen vaikuttavia tekij\u00f6it\u00e4. Mallin l\u00e4ht\u00f6kohta on terveyden edist\u00e4minen; biologiset, psykologiset, sosiaaliset, eettiset ja kulttuuriset n\u00e4k\u00f6kulmat. Malli on helppo soveltaa eri maiden opetussuunnitelmiin. Malli voi toimia viitekehyksen\u00e4 lis\u00e4\u00e4ntymisterveytt\u00e4 edist\u00e4v\u00e4ss\u00e4 neuvonnassa ja hoidossa. Hunajakennosto ja sen yksitt\u00e4iset kennot muodostavat puitteet oppimiselle sek\u00e4 l\u00e4hiopetuksessa ett\u00e4 verkkokursseilla.<\/p><p>On t\u00e4rke\u00e4\u00e4, ett\u00e4 uusi tutkimustieto saavuttaisi nuoret ja nuoret aikuiset, jotta he osaisivat suojella hedelm\u00e4llisyytt\u00e4\u00e4n. Oikea tieto vahvistaa heid\u00e4n kyky\u00e4 tehd\u00e4 viisaita valintoja, mik\u00e4li he p\u00e4\u00e4tt\u00e4v\u00e4t pident\u00e4\u00e4 nuoruuttaan ja viiv\u00e4stytt\u00e4\u00e4 vanhemmuuttaan.<\/p><div>Hunajakennosto-malli kasvaa ja kehittyy projektimme aikana. Aloitamme tavallisimmista tekij\u00f6ist\u00e4, jotka vaikuttavat hedelm\u00e4llisyyteen.<\/div><div><p><b>Hedelm\u00e4llisyyden ja lis\u00e4\u00e4ntymisterveyden ymm\u00e4rt\u00e4minen<\/b><\/p><p><span style=\"background-color: transparent\">Nuorilla ja nuorilla aikuisilla ei ole riitt\u00e4v\u00e4sti tietoa hedelm\u00e4llisyyteen tai lis\u00e4\u00e4ntymisterveyteen vaikuttavista tekij\u00f6ist\u00e4. Ymm\u00e4rrys anatomiasta, fysiologiasta tai hormoneihin vaikuttavista tekij\u00f6ist\u00e4 on puutteellista.<\/span><\/p><\/div><div><p><b>Ik\u00e4 ja hedelm\u00e4llisyys<\/b><\/p><p>Ik\u00e4 vaikuttaa hedelm\u00e4llisyyteen. Sek\u00e4 naisten ett\u00e4 miesten hedelm\u00e4llisyys, kyky hedelm\u00f6itty\u00e4 ja hedelm\u00f6itt\u00e4\u00e4, heikkenee i\u00e4n my\u00f6t\u00e4. Ik\u00e4 on merkitt\u00e4vin yksitt\u00e4inen tekij\u00e4, joka vaikuttaa hedelm\u00e4llisyyteen.Miesten ik\u00e4\u00e4n liittyv\u00e4 hedelm\u00e4llisyyden lasku tapahtuu naisen ik\u00e4\u00e4n liittyv\u00e4\u00e4 hedelm\u00e4llisyyden laskua my\u00f6hemmin. Naisen i\u00e4n vaikutukset hedelm\u00e4llisyyteen on tiedetty jo kauan. Uudet tutkimukset osoittavat, ett\u00e4 my\u00f6s miehen ik\u00e4 vaikuttaa hedelm\u00f6ittymiseen ja raskauteen.<b style=\"background-color: transparent\"><br \/><\/b><\/p><\/div><p>Valinnat, joita teemme el\u00e4m\u00e4ss\u00e4mme, vaikuttavat terveyteen ja hyvinvointiin, mutta my\u00f6s hedelm\u00e4llisyyteen. Sek\u00e4 tyt\u00f6t ja naiset ett\u00e4 pojat ja miehet voivat vaikuttaa el\u00e4m\u00e4ntavoillaan joko positiivisesti tai negatiivisesti omaan hedelm\u00e4llisyyteens\u00e4.<\/p><p><b>Infektiot<\/b><\/p><p>Infektiot (tartuntataudit) voivat vaikuttaa naisten ja miesten lis\u00e4\u00e4ntymisterveyteen. Infektiolla tarkoitetaan t\u00e4ss\u00e4 yhteydess\u00e4 seksitauteja tai TORCH-infektioita (TORCH eli toksoplasmoosi, vihurirokko, sytomegalo-virus, herpes simplex ja lis\u00e4ksi syfilis, parvovirus ja Varicella zoster. Zika-virus on my\u00f6s liitetty TORCH-infektioihin.) Infektiot tulee seuloa ja hoitaa hedelm\u00e4llisyyden suojelemiseksi.<\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: bold\">Perussairaudet<\/span><\/p><p>Tietyt krooniset sairaudet saattavat heikent\u00e4\u00e4 hedelm\u00e4llisyytt\u00e4 ja lis\u00e4\u00e4v\u00e4t riski\u00e4 ongelmiin raskaudessa ja synnytyksen aikana. Perussairaudet on hyv\u00e4 huomioida hyviss\u00e4 ajoin, jo raskautta suunniteltaessa, ja keskustella niiden l\u00e4\u00e4kityksest\u00e4 ammattilaisten kanssa. Ainakin seuraavat perussairaudet on huomioitava raskautta suunniteltaessa: diabetes, endokriiniset tai neurologiset sairaudet, syd\u00e4n- ja verisuonisairaudet, maha-suolikanavan sairaudet, immunologiset tai hematologiset ongelmat ja h\u00e4iri\u00f6t.<\/p><p><b>Ymp\u00e4rist\u00f6<\/b><\/p><p>Ymp\u00e4rist\u00f6ss\u00e4 oleville kemikaaleille altistuminen hedelm\u00f6ittymisen tai raskauden aikana voi aiheuttaa haitallisia terveysvaikutuksia. Vaikkakin k\u00e4yt\u00f6ss\u00e4 olevat kemikaalit on testattu terveyshaittojen suhteen, hedelm\u00e4llisyysterveyden n\u00e4k\u00f6kulma on j\u00e4\u00e4nyt v\u00e4hemm\u00e4lle huomiolle. Ilmansaasteille, mikromuoville ja muille kemikaaleille altistuminen voi aiheuttaa naisten ja miesten lis\u00e4\u00e4ntymisterveydelle haitallisia vaikutuksia.\u00a0<\/p><p><b>Ty\u00f6ymp\u00e4rist\u00f6<\/b><\/p><p>Tietyt ty\u00f6ymp\u00e4rist\u00f6t voivat aiheuttaa haittoja sek\u00e4 miesten ett\u00e4 naisten lis\u00e4\u00e4ntymisterveydelle. Ty\u00f6terveyshuollossa tulisi k\u00e4sitell\u00e4 terveytt\u00e4 my\u00f6s hedelm\u00e4llisyyden suojelun kannalta.<\/p><p><strong>Sosiaalinen ymp\u00e4rist\u00f6<\/strong><\/p><p>Sosiaalinen ymp\u00e4rist\u00f6 vaikuttaa lis\u00e4\u00e4ntymisterveyteen. Naisten lis\u00e4\u00e4ntymisterveytt\u00e4 edist\u00e4v\u00e4ss\u00e4 ohjauksessa ja neuvonnassa tulisi keskustella hankalista ja ns. sosiaalisesti leimaavista aiheista. Keskustelu on t\u00e4rke\u00e4\u00e4, sill\u00e4 n\u00e4ill\u00e4 tekij\u00f6ill\u00e4 on selke\u00e4sti osoitettu olevan vaikutusta raskautta suunnittelevan tai raskaana olevan ja h\u00e4nen tulevan lapsensa terveydelle. Sosiaalisen ymp\u00e4rist\u00f6n eriarvoisuutta luovia tekij\u00f6it\u00e4 on tunnistettu ja ne ovat mm.: asuinpaikka, koulutus, ty\u00f6llistyminen, yst\u00e4vien ja sukulaisten muodostama sosiaalinen verkosto, sek\u00e4 ihmissuhde- ja l\u00e4hisuhdev\u00e4kivalta.<\/p><p><b>PCHC -mallin<\/b> aiheista on jo olemassa vahvaa n\u00e4ytt\u00f6\u00e4. PreconNet-hanke ja sen tuottama hunajakennosto-malli kokoavat tutkittua ajankohtaista tieteellist\u00e4 tietoa. Hanke muuttaa tiedon pedagogisesti erilaisiksi, houkutteleviksi ja helposti k\u00e4ytt\u00f6\u00f6notettaviksi opetusv\u00e4lineiksi.<\/p><p><b>PCHC-malli<\/b> kuvaa hedelm\u00e4llisyyteen vaikuttavia tekij\u00f6it\u00e4 yleisesti. Malli ei aseta yht\u00e4 tekij\u00e4\u00e4 hedelm\u00e4llisyydelle vaikuttavammaksi kuin toista. Eri tekij\u00f6iden vaikutus yksil\u00f6n hedelm\u00e4llisyyteen on erilainen eri ihmisill\u00e4 ja siksi hedelm\u00e4llisyyden suojelu on jokaiselle yksil\u00f6llinen tekij\u00f6iden summa.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6594\" aria-expanded=\"false\">FRA<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-6594\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-6594\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><p><b>DESCRIPTION DU MODELE PCHC POUR LES ENSEIGNANTS<\/b><br><br>Le mod\u00e8le PCHC encandre le contenu et d\u00e9finit les \u00e9l\u00e9ments de la sant\u00e9 et des soins pr\u00e9conceptionnels. Les \u00e9l\u00e9ments d\u00e9crivent les derni\u00e8res approches en mati\u00e8re de sant\u00e9 et de soins pr\u00e9conceptionnels, y compris les approches biologiques et de promotion de la sant\u00e9, ainsi que les th\u00e8mes psychologiques, sociaux, \u00e9thiques et culturels. Le mod\u00e8le est facile \u00e0 traduire dans les programmes des pays particpants. Le \u00ab PreconNet Honeycomb model \u00bb (mod\u00e8le en nid d&#8217;abeille PreconNet) guide l&#8217;\u00e9laboration du contenu, l&#8217;approche didactique et les r\u00e9sultats d&#8217;apprentissage en ce qui concerne la pr\u00e9conception, la sant\u00e9 preconceptionnelle. Le mod\u00e8le et ses \u00e9l\u00e9ments forment un cadre pour les cours (e-learning) et la plateforme en ligne.<br><br>Le contenu du mod\u00e8le PCHC d\u00e9crit les facteurs qui influencent la fertilit\u00e9. La recherche r\u00e9v\u00e8le constamment de nouvelles informations, qui devraient \u00eatre transmises aux jeunes et aux adultes afin qu&#8217;ils sachent comment prot\u00e9ger leur fertilit\u00e9.<br>Le contenu du mod\u00e8le Honeycomb augmentera au cours du projet, \u00e0 mesure que de nouvelles perspectives \u00e9mergeront.<br><br><b>\u00c2ge et fertilit\u00e9<\/b> <br>L&#8217;\u00e2ge affecte la capacit\u00e9 de concevoir. La f\u00e9condit\u00e9 maternelle\/f\u00e9minine et paternelle\/masculine diminue \u00e0 mesure que les femmes et hommes vieillissent. L&#8217;\u00e2ge est le principal facteur affectant la fertilit\u00e9 d&#8217;une femme.<br>Pour les hommes, la baisse de la f\u00e9condit\u00e9 li\u00e9e \u00e0 l&#8217;\u00e2ge est plus subtile mais elle existe.<br>Bien que les effets de l&#8217;\u00e2ge des femmes sur la fertilit\u00e9 soient connus depuis longtemps, des \u00e9tudes plus r\u00e9centes montrent que l&#8217;\u00e2ge du partenaire masculin affecte \u00e9galement les chances de grossesse et une grossesse en bonne sant\u00e9.<br><br><b>Comprendre la reproduction<\/b> <br>De nombreuses femmes et hommes manquent de connaissance sur la fertilit\u00e9, y compris l&#8217;anatomie et le fonctionnement physiologique de leur syst\u00e8me reproducteur. Cet article vous apprend \u00e0 comprendre comment se d\u00e9roule la conception.<br><br><b>Facteurs de style de vie<\/b>&nbsp; <br>Les facteurs li\u00e9s au mode de vie sont les habitudes et les modes de vie qui peuvent influer sur la sant\u00e9 et le bien-\u00eatre en g\u00e9n\u00e9ral, y compris la fertilit\u00e9. L&#8217;influence de ces facteurs de style au mode de vie sur la fertilit\u00e9 m\u00e9rite notre attention.<br>Il existe des facteurs qui affectent n\u00e9gativement la fertilit\u00e9 tandis que d&#8217;autres sont b\u00e9n\u00e9fiques pour la fertilit\u00e9 des hommes et des femmes.<br><br><b>Risques d&#8217;infection<\/b><br>Les infections peuvent affecter la sant\u00e9 g\u00e9n\u00e9sique des femmes et des hommes. Ces infections vont des infections sexuellement transmissibles (IST) aux infections TORCHS. L\u2019\u00e9valuation des risques, le d\u00e9pistage et le traitement d&#8217;infections sp\u00e9cifiques devraient \u00eatre une composante des soins pr\u00e9conceptionnels.<br><br><b>Conditions chroniques pr\u00e9existantes<\/b><br>Certaines conditions m\u00e9dicales (chroniques), chez les hommes et les femmes, augmentent le risque d\u2019avoir des probl\u00e8mes de fertilit\u00e9 ou d&#8217;avoir un b\u00e9b\u00e9 qui aura certaines conditions m\u00e9dicales. \u00c9tant donn\u00e9 que des conditions m\u00e9dicales pr\u00e9existantes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 associ\u00e9es \u00e0 des complications de la grossesse, le d\u00e9pistage de ces conditions est recommand\u00e9 par le professionnel de la sant\u00e9. Les conditions suivantes n\u00e9cessitent une attention particuli\u00e8re: les probl\u00e8mes endocriniens, neurologiques, cardiovasculaires, gastro-intestinaux, r\u00e9naux, immunologiques, h\u00e9matologiques<br><br><b>Facteurs environnementaux<\/b><br>L&#8217;exposition \u00e0 des facteurs environnementaux nocifs pendant les p\u00e9riodes critiques de la grossesse peuvent entra\u00eener des effets n\u00e9fastes sur la sant\u00e9 \u00e0 long terme ou interg\u00e9n\u00e9rationnels. La plupart des produits chimiques \u00e0 usage commercial n&#8217;ont pas \u00e9t\u00e9 test\u00e9s pour leur toxicit\u00e9 potentielle. L&#8217;exposition \u00e0 cela peut avoir des effets n\u00e9fastes sur la reproduction f\u00e9minine et masculine. L&#8217;identification des hommes et des femmes \u00e0 risque, la fourniture de conseils sur l&#8217;impact des produits chimiques toxiques et l&#8217;encouragement des hommes et des femmes \u00e0 prendre des pr\u00e9cautions sont \u00e9num\u00e9r\u00e9s dans les directives pr\u00e9conceptionnelles.<br><br><b>Environnement professionnel<\/b><br>Les risques professionnels peuvent avoir un impact sur la sant\u00e9 g\u00e9n\u00e9sique des hommes et des femmes. La r\u00e9cherche scientifique est claire et fournissent des conseils aux professionnels. Identifier les personnes les plus sujettes aux risques est essentiel pour \u00e9viter de futurs probl\u00e8mes.<br><br><br><b>Environnement social<\/b><br>L&#8217;environnement social et ses d\u00e9terminants peuvent avoir un impact sur la sant\u00e9 g\u00e9n\u00e9sique. Au cours des consultations pr\u00e9conceptionnelles des femmes, il est difficile pour les soignants de se faire une id\u00e9e de l&#8217;environnement socialement vuln\u00e9rable de la femme, le couple. Cependant, obtenir une image de l&#8217;environnement social est important pour surveiller la sant\u00e9 de la future m\u00e8re et du futur b\u00e9b\u00e9. Ce qui m\u00e9rite notre attention en ce qui concerne l&#8217;environnement social: o\u00f9 vit la femme \/ le couple (quartier, logement, mobilit\u00e9), l&#8217;\u00e9ducation, le soutien social des amis, des membres de la famille, la violence interpersonnelle et domestique.<br><br><br>Pour les th\u00e8mes susmentionn\u00e9s, des preuves solides existent. Le projet et le mod\u00e8le synth\u00e9tisent la litt\u00e9rature scientifique et la traduisent dans des outils pratiques.<br><br>Notre mod\u00e8le PCHC d\u00e9crit les facteurs sans faire de liste de priorit\u00e9s car la fertilit\u00e9 est un probl\u00e8me tr\u00e8s individuel.<br><br><\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6595\" aria-expanded=\"false\">GER<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-6595\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-6595\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><p><b>BESCHREIBUNG DES PCHC \u2013 MODELLS (Modell der pr\u00e4konzeptionellen Gesundheit) F\u00dcR LEHRENDE<\/b><br \/>Das Modell der pr\u00e4konzeptionellen Gesundheit (Preconception Healthcare Model) formt den Inhalt und definiert die Elemente von pr\u00e4konzeptioneller Gesundheit und Betreuung. Die Elemente des Modells beschreiben die neuesten Erkenntnisse in der pr\u00e4konzeptionellen Gesundheit und Betreuung und beinhalten neben biologischen, auch gesundheitsf\u00f6rdernde, psychologische, soziale, ethische und kulturelle Perspektiven.<\/p><p>Das Honigwaben Modell kann leicht in die Lehrpl\u00e4ne der Gesundheitsstudieng\u00e4nge in den teilnehmenden L\u00e4ndern integriert werden und dient dabei als Leitfaden f\u00fcr die konkrete Erarbeitung der Lehrinhalte, des Lehransatzes und der Lernergebnisse zu den Themen Pr\u00e4konzeption, pr\u00e4konzeptionelle Gesundheit und Betreuung. Das Modell und seine Elemente bilden dabei einen Rahmen f\u00fcr die (E \u2013 learning) Kurse und die Online \u2013 Plattform.<\/p><p>Im PCHC Modell (Honigwabe) werden Faktoren beschrieben, die die Fruchtbarkeit beeinflussen. Die Forschung liefert st\u00e4ndig neue Erkenntnisse, welche an Jugendliche und Erwachsenen weitergegeben werden sollten, damit sie wissen wie sie ihre Fruchtbarkeit sch\u00fctzen und gute Entscheidungen treffen k\u00f6nnen. Der Inhalt des Honigwaben Modells wird im Laufe des Projekts wachsen. Der Ausgangspunkt sind Faktoren mit hoher Beweiskraft f\u00fcr ihre Auswirkungen auf die Fruchtbarkeit.<\/p><p><b>Alter und Fruchtbarkeit<\/b><br \/>Das Alter beeinflusst die F\u00e4higkeit schwanger zu werden. Sowohl die Fruchtbarkeit der Frau, als auch die Fruchtbarkeit des Mannes nimmt mit steigendem Alter ab. Das Alter ist der wichtigste Einflussfaktor welcher die weibliche Fruchtbarkeit beeinflusst. Bei M\u00e4nnern ist die altersbedingte Abnahme der Fruchtbarkeit zwar subtiler, aber trotzdem vorhanden. W\u00e4hrend die Auswirkungen des Alters auf die Fruchtbarkeit von Frauen schon lange Zeit bekannt sind, zeigen j\u00fcngere Studien, dass auch das Alter des m\u00e4nnlichen Partners die Chance einer Schwangerschaft und die Gesundheit in der Schwangerschaft beeinflusst.<\/p><p><b>Fortpflanzung verstehen<\/b><br \/>Viele Frauen und M\u00e4nner haben zu wenig Wissen \u00fcber die Fruchtbarkeit an sich, inklusive \u00fcber die Anatomie und physiologische Funktionen des Reproduktionssystems. Dieser Teil des Modells zeigt, wie Empf\u00e4ngnis funktioniert.<\/p><p><b>Lebensstilfaktoren<\/b><br \/>Lebensstilfaktoren sind Gewohnheiten und Lebensentscheidungen, die die Gesundheit und das Wohlbefinden im Allgemeinen, inklusive der Fruchtbarkeit, beeinflussen k\u00f6nnen. Die Aufmerksamkeit soll dabei auf jene Lebensstilfaktoren gerichtet werden, die Einfluss auf unsere Fruchtbarkeit haben. Es gibt Lebensstilfaktoren, die unsere Fruchtbarkeit negativ beeinflussen, w\u00e4hrend andere vorteilhaft f\u00fcr die Fruchtbarkeit bei M\u00e4nnern und Frauen sind.<\/p><p><b>Infektionsrisiken<\/b><br \/>Infektionen (Infektionskrankheiten) k\u00f6nnen die Reproduktionsgesundheit von Frauen und M\u00e4nnern beeinflussen. Diese Infektionen reichen von sexuell \u00fcbertragbaren Infektionen (sexual transmitted infections \u2013 STIs),\u00a0 bis hin zu STORCH Infektionen. Risikobewertung, Screenings und Behandlung f\u00fcr spezifische Infektionen sollten eine Komponente von pr\u00e4konzeptioneller Betreuung sein.<\/p><p><b>Vorerkrankungen<\/b><br \/>Bestimmte (chronische) Krankheiten bei M\u00e4nnern und Frauen erh\u00f6hen das Risiko einer Unfruchtbarkeit und das Risiko daf\u00fcr, ein nicht gesundes Kind auf die Welt zu bringen. Da gewisse Vorerkrankungen mit einem schlechteren Schwangerschaftsoutcome in Verbindung gebracht werden, werden Screenings durch Gesundheitsexpert*innen empfohlen. Vor allem folgende Erkrankungen sollte fr\u00fchzeitig (bereits vor der Planung der Schwangerschaft) Beachtung geschenkt werden: Diabetes, Stoffwechselst\u00f6rungen, neurologische St\u00f6rungen, kardiovaskul\u00e4re St\u00f6rungen, Nierenerkrankungen, Immunkrankheiten und Blutkrankheiten.<\/p><p><b>Umwelteinfl\u00fcsse<\/b><br \/>In sensiblen Phasen der Schwangerschaft k\u00f6nnen Umwelteinfl\u00fcsse lebenslange, ja sogar generations\u00fcbergreifende gesundheitssch\u00e4dliche Auswirkungen nach sich ziehen. Die meisten Chemikalien, welche gewerblich genutzt werden, wurden nicht auf m\u00f6gliche toxische Auswirkungen auf die Fruchtbarkeit getestet. Sch\u00e4dliche Auswirkungen auf die weibliche und m\u00e4nnliche Reproduktivit\u00e4t k\u00f6nnen die Folge von Umwelteinfl\u00fcssen sein.\u00a0 Leitlinien f\u00fcr pr\u00e4konzeptionelle Gesundheit und Betreuung empfehlen daher die Identifikation von M\u00e4nnern und Frauen mit einem Risiko, das Angebot von Beratungen \u00fcber den Einfluss von chemischen Stoffen und die Bef\u00e4higung von M\u00e4nnern und Frauen vorbeugende Ma\u00dfnahmen in Anspruch zu nehmen.<\/p><p><b>Arbeitswelt\/Arbeitsumwelt<\/b><br \/>Unterschiedliche Berufsrisiken k\u00f6nnen Einfluss auf die Reproduktionsgesundheit von M\u00e4nnern und Frauen haben. Hier ist die Evidenz klar und bietet Richtlinien f\u00fcr Expert*innen im Gesundheitswesen, die im Feld pr\u00e4konzeptionelle Gesundheit und Betreuung arbeiten. Um zuk\u00fcnftige Probleme zu vermeiden, ist es wichtig. die f\u00fcr die Fruchtbarkeit gesundheitsgef\u00e4hrdendsten Umgebungseinfl\u00fcsse zu identifizieren.<\/p><p><b>Soziales Umfeld<\/b><br \/>Das soziale Umfeld und seine Einflussfaktoren k\u00f6nnen die Reproduktionsgesundheit ebenfalls beeinflussen. F\u00fcr Gesundheitsdienstleister*innen ist es oftmals schwierig sozial stigmatisierende Gesundheitsthemen in den pr\u00e4konzeptionellen Beratungen mit den Frauen anzusprechen, obwohl diese wichtig f\u00fcr die Gesundheit der zuk\u00fcnftigen Mutter und deren Kind sind. Variablen des sozialen Umfelds k\u00f6nnen die Nachbarschaft (Wohnung, Mobilit\u00e4t), Bildung, Diskriminierung (Ungleichheit) und soziale Unterst\u00fctzung von Freunden, Verwandten, sowie h\u00e4usliche Gewalt sein.<\/p><p>F\u00fcr alle oben genannten Themen gibt es eine hohe Beweiskraft. Im Projekt und dem Honigwaben Modell wird die wissenschaftliche Literatur synthetisiert und die Evidenz in Werkzeuge f\u00fcr den Unterricht \u00fcbersetzt.<\/p><p>Unser Modell der pr\u00e4konzeptionellen Gesundheit beschreibt die einflussnehmenden Faktoren, ohne eine Reihung derselben durchzuf\u00fchren. Fruchtbarkeit ist ein sehr individuelles und spezifisches Thema f\u00fcr das Individuum.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6596\" aria-expanded=\"false\">HRV<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-6596\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-6596\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><p><b>OPIS PCHC-MODELA ZA EDUKATORE<\/b><br>PCHC model uokviruje sadr\u017eaj i definira elemente reproduktivnog zdravlja i njege. Elementi opisuju najnovije pristupe u reproduktivnom zdravlju i njezi, uklju\u010duju\u0107i biolo\u0161ki pristup i pristup promocije zdravlja, kao i psiholo\u0161ke, socijalne, eti\u010dke i kulturalne perspektive. Sudjeluju\u0107e dr\u017eave mogu model lako prevesti u kurikulume studijskih programa u podru\u010dju zdravstva. Model sa\u0107a slu\u017ei kao vodi\u010d za konkretnu razradu sadr\u017eaja, didakti\u010dki pristup i ishode u\u010denja povezanih s reproduktivnim zdravljem i njegom. Model i njegovi elementi \u010dine okvir za&nbsp; (e-learning) predavanja i online platformu.<\/p>\n<p>Sadr\u017eaj PCHC modela (sa\u0107a) opisuje \u010dimbenike koji utje\u010du na plodnost. Istra\u017eivanja neprestano otkrivaju nove informacije koje bi trebalo prenijeti na mlade i druge odrasle kako bi osigurali da znaju za\u0161tititi svoju plodnost te im pomo\u0107i da donose mudre odluke. Sadr\u017eaj Modela sa\u0107a \u0107e rasti tijekom projekta. Polazimo od \u010dimbenika koji sna\u017eno temelje na dokazima o u\u010dincima na plodnost.<\/p>\n<p><b>Starost i plodnost<\/b><br>Dob utje\u010de na sposobnost za\u010de\u0107a. Plodnost majki \/ \u017eena i o\u010deva \/ mu\u0161karaca opada kako stare \u017eene i mu\u0161karci. Starost je najve\u0107i faktor koji utje\u010de na plodnost \u017eene. Za mu\u0161karce je opadanje plodnosti povezano s godinama suptilnije, ali se isto tako doga\u0111a. Iako su u\u010dinci \u017eenske dobi na plodnost poznati ve\u0107 du\u017ee vrijeme, novija istra\u017eivanja pokazuju da dob mu\u0161kog partnera tako\u0111er utje\u010de na vjerojatnost za trudno\u0107u i cjelokupno zdravlje trudno\u0107e.<\/p>\n<p><b>Razumijevanje reprodukcije<\/b><br>Mnogim \u017eenama i mu\u0161karcima nedostaje znanja o plodnosti, uklju\u010duju\u0107i anatomiju i fiziolo\u0161ko funkcioniranje njihovog reproduktivnog sustava. Ova \u010destica vas u\u010di da razumijete kako se doga\u0111a za\u010de\u0107e.<\/p>\n<p><b>\u010cimbenici \u017eivotnog stila<\/b><br>\u010cimbenici \u017eivotnog stila su navike i \u017eivotni izbori koji mogu utjecati na op\u0107e zdravlje i \u017eivotnu dobrobit, uklju\u010duju\u0107i plodnost. Utjecaj koji \u010dimbenici na\u010dina \u017eivota imaju na plodnost zaslu\u017euje na\u0161u pa\u017enju. Postoje \u017eivotni \u010dimbenici koji negativno utje\u010du na plodnost, dok su drugi korisni za plodnost i mu\u0161karaca i \u017eena.<\/p>\n<p><b>Rizici od infekcije<\/b><br>Infekcije (zarazne bolesti) mogu utjecati na reproduktivno zdravlje \u017eena i mu\u0161karaca. Te infekcije kre\u0107u se od seksualno prenosivih infekcija (STI) do TORCH infekcija. Procjena rizika, nadzor i lije\u010denje specifi\u010dnih infekcija trebaju biti sastavni dio skrbi za reproduktivno zdravlje.<\/p>\n<p><b>Postoje\u0107a medicinska stanja<\/b><br>Odre\u0111ena (kroni\u010dna) zdravstvena stanja, i kod mu\u0161karaca i kod \u017eena, pove\u0107avaju rizik za probleme s neplodno\u0161\u0107u i rizik za ro\u0111enje nezdravog djeteta. Budu\u0107i da su postoje\u0107a medicinska stanja povezana s slabijim ishodima trudno\u0107e, savjetuje se nadzor stru\u010dnjaka. Sljede\u0107a stanja potrebna su pa\u017enje u vremenu prije trudno\u0107e: dijabetes, endokrini, neurolo\u0161ki, kardiovaskularni, gastrointestinalni, bubre\u017eni, imunolo\u0161ki i hematolo\u0161ki poreme\u0107aji.<\/p>\n<p><b>Izlo\u017eenost u okoli\u0161u<\/b><br>Izlo\u017eenost u okoli\u0161u u kriti\u010dnim razdobljima tijekom trudno\u0107e mo\u017ee rezultirati cjelo\u017eivotnim ili me\u0111ugeneracijskim \u0161tetnim u\u010dincima. Ve\u0107ina kemikalija u komercijalnoj upotrebi nije ispitana na mogu\u0107u toksi\u010dnost plodnosti. Izlo\u017eenost u okoli\u0161u mo\u017ee rezultirati \u0161tetnim u\u010dincima na \u017eensku i mu\u0161ku reprodukciju. Utvr\u0111ivanje mu\u0161karaca i \u017eena u riziku, pru\u017eanje savjeta o utjecaju kemijskih toksi\u010dnih tvari i osna\u017eivanje mu\u0161karaca i \u017eena na mjere predostro\u017enosti navedeni su u smjernicama za skrb za reproduktivno zdravlje.<\/p>\n<p><b>Profesionalno okru\u017eenje<\/b><br>Profesionalne opasnosti mogu imati utjecaj na reproduktivno zdravlje mu\u0161karaca i \u017eena. Dokazi su jasni i pru\u017eaju smjernice za zdravstvene radnike koji rade u podru\u010dju reproduktivnog zdravlja i njege. Identifikacija najsuptilnijih zdravstvenih prijetnji za plodnost je klju\u010d da se izbjegnu problemi u budu\u0107nosti.<\/p>\n<p><b>Dru\u0161tveno okru\u017eenje<\/b><br>Dru\u0161tveno okru\u017eenje i njegove odrednice mogu utjecati na reproduktivno zdravlje. Tijekom savjetovanja za \u017eene, koje se provodi prije za\u010de\u0107a i trudno\u0107e, pru\u017eatelji zdravstvenih usluga mogu imati pote\u0161ko\u0107a u raspravi o socijalno stigmatiziranim zdravstvenim temama koje su va\u017ene za zdravlje majke (ili budu\u0107e majke) i djeteta. Varijable u dru\u0161tvenom okru\u017eenju mogu biti susjedstvo (smje\u0161taj, mobilnost), obrazovanje, diskriminacija (nejednakosti) i socijalna podr\u0161ka prijatelja, ro\u0111aka, uklju\u010duju\u0107i nasilje nad \u010dovjekom ili nasilje od strane intimnog partnera.<\/p>\n<p>Postoje sna\u017eni dokazi o gore spomenutim temama. Projekt i model sa\u0107a sintetiziraju znanstvenu literaturu i prevode dokaze u alate za obrazovanje.<\/p><p>Na\u0161 PCHC model opisuje \u010dimbenike bez prioritetiziranja.&nbsp; Plodnost je vrlo individualan i jedinstven problem za svakog pojedinca.<br><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"7\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6597\" aria-expanded=\"false\">ITA<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-6597\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"7\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-6597\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><p><strong>DESCRIZIONE DEL MODELLO PCHC PER GLI EDUCATORI<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Il modello PCHC inquadra il contenuto e definisce gli elementi della salute e dell\u2019assistenza preconcezionale. Gli elementi descrivono le misure riguardanti la salute e l\u2019assistenza preconcezionale che comprendono cos\u00ec approcci biologici e della promozione della salute che prospettive psicologiche, sociali, etiche e culturali. Il modello \u00e8 facile da introdurre nei curricula dei corsi sanitari dei paesi partecipanti. Il modello a nido d\u2019ape funge da guida per l\u2019elaborazione concreta del contenuto, dell\u2019approccio didattico e dei risultati di apprendimento in materia della salute preconcezionale. Il modello e i suoi elementi formano un framework per i corsi (e-learning) e la piattaforma web.<\/p>\n<p>Il contenuto del modello PCHC (nido d\u2019ape) descrive i fattori che influenzano la fertilit\u00e0. La ricerca riporta costantemente nuove informazioni che dovrebbero essere passate a giovani e adulti per aiutarli a proteggere la loro fertilit\u00e0 e a fare scelte sagge. Il contenuto del modello a nido d\u2019ape si evolver\u00e0 e amplier\u00e0 durante il progetto. Partiamo da fattori con una forte evidenza di effetti sulla fertilit\u00e0.<\/p>\n<p><b>Et\u00e0 e fertilit\u00e0<\/b><br>L&#8217;et\u00e0 influisce sulla capacit\u00e0 di concepire. La fertilit\u00e0 materna \/ femminile e paterna \/ maschile diminuisce con l&#8217;et\u00e0 delle donne e degli uomini. L&#8217;et\u00e0 \u00e8 il fattore pi\u00f9 importante che influenza la fertilit\u00e0 di una donna. Per gli uomini, il declino della fertilit\u00e0 legato all&#8217;et\u00e0 \u00e8 pi\u00f9 sottile, ma si verifica anche in questo caso. Mentre gli effetti dell&#8217;et\u00e0 femminile sulla fertilit\u00e0 sono noti da molto tempo, studi pi\u00f9 recenti dimostrano che anche l&#8217;et\u00e0 del partner maschile influisce sulla possibilit\u00e0 di gravidanza e sulla salute generale della gravidanza.<\/p>\n<p><b>Capire la riproduzione<\/b><br>Molte donne e molti uomini sono ignoranti quando si parla di fertilit\u00e0, non conosco l&#8217;anatomia e il funzionamento fisiologico del loro sistema riproduttivo. Questa parte del modello insegner\u00e0 a capire come avviene il concepimento.<\/p>\n<p><b>Fattori dello stile di vita<\/b><br>I fattori dello stile di vita sono abitudini e scelte di vita che possono influenzare la salute e il benessere generale, compresa la fertilit\u00e0. L&#8217;influenza che i fattori dello stile di vita hanno sulla fertilit\u00e0 meritano la nostra attenzione. Ci sono fattori dello stile di vita che influenzano negativamente la fertilit\u00e0, mentre altri sono benefici per la fertilit\u00e0 sia degli uomini che delle donne.<\/p>\n<p><b>Rischi di infezione<\/b><br>Le infezioni (malattie infettive) possono influire sulla salute riproduttiva di donne e uomini. Queste infezioni vanno dalle infezioni sessualmente trasmissibili (IST) alle infezioni TORCH. La valutazione del rischio, lo screening e il trattamento di infezioni specifiche dovrebbero essere una componente dell\u2019assistenza preconcezionale.<\/p>\n<p><b>Condizioni mediche preesistenti<\/b><br>Alcune condizioni mediche (croniche), sia negli uomini che nelle donne, aumentano il rischio di problemi d\u2019infertilit\u00e0 e di avere un bambino non sano. Poich\u00e9 condizioni mediche preesistenti vengono associate a scarsi esiti della gravidanza, si consiglia un controllo effettuato da parte di un professionista sanitario. Le seguenti condizioni richiedono attenzione in tempo utile prima della gravidanza: diabete, disturbi endocrini, neurologici, cardiovascolari, gastrointestinali, renali, immunologici ed ematologici.<\/p>\n<p><b>Esposizioni ambientali<\/b><br>Le esposizioni ambientali in periodi critici durante la gravidanza possono provocare effetti negativi sulla salute dell\u2019individuo per tutta la vita o addirittura intergenerazionali. La maggior parte delle sostanze chimiche in uso commerciale non \u00e8 stata testata per una possibile tossicit\u00e0 per la fertilit\u00e0. L&#8217;esposizione ambientale pu\u00f2 provocare effetti negativi sulla riproduzione femminile e maschile. L&#8217;identificazione di uomini e donne a rischio, la consulenza sull&#8217;impatto di sostanze chimiche tossiche e la responsabilizzazione di uomini e donne ad adottare misure precauzionali, \u00e8 indicata nelle linee guida per la preconcezione.<\/p>\n<p><b>Ambiente professionale<\/b><br>I rischi professionali possono avere un impatto sulla salute riproduttiva di uomini e donne. Le prove sono chiare e forniscono una guida per i professionisti sanitari che lavorano nel settore della salute e dell&#8217;assistenza preconcezionale. Identificare i pericoli dell\u2019ambiente professionale pi\u00f9 suscettibili alla fertilit\u00e0 \u00e8 la chiave per evitare problemi futuri.<\/p>\n<p><b>Ambiente\/contesto sociale<\/b><br>L&#8217;ambiente\/contesto sociale e i suoi determinanti possono avere un impatto sulla salute riproduttiva. Durante le consultazioni preconcezionali e pre-gravidanza delle donne, i professionisti sanitari possono avere difficolt\u00e0 a discutere argomenti di salute socialmente stigmatizzati, che sono importanti per la salute sia della (futura) madre che del bambino. Le variabili dell&#8217;ambiente sociale possono essere il vicinato (alloggio, mobilit\u00e0), l&#8217;istruzione, la discriminazione (disuguaglianze) e il sostegno sociale da parte di amici, parenti, compresa la violenza interpersonale e intima dei partner.<\/p>\n<p>Esistono prove concrete dei suddetti temi. Il progetto e il modello a nido d&#8217;ape sintetizzano la letteratura scientifica e traducono le prove in strumenti per l&#8217;educazione.<\/p>\n<p>Il nostro modello PCHC descrive i fattori senza fare liste di priorit\u00e0. La fertilit\u00e0 \u00e8 una questione molto individuale e unica per tutti.<br><\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"8\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6598\" aria-expanded=\"false\">SLO<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-6598\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"8\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-6598\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><p><b>OPIS MODELA PREDKONCEPCIJSKE ZDRAVSTVENE OBRAVNAVE (PKZO) ZA IZOBRA\u017dEVALCE<\/b><br><\/p>\n<div>Model PKZO zajema vsebine in opredeljuje elemente predkoncepcijskega zdravja in skrbi zanj. Elementi so opredeljeni glede na zadnja dognanja o predkoncepcijskem zdravju, temeljijo na pristopu ki spodbuja promocijo zdravja in vklju\u010dujejo biolo\u0161ki, psiholo\u0161ki, socialni, eti\u010dni in kulturni vidik.<\/div>\n<div>Vsebine modela je mo\u017eno prilagoditi in vklju\u010diti v izobra\u017eevalne programe zdravstvenih strokovnjakov sodelujo\u010dih dr\u017eav \u010dlanic \u2013 partneric v projektu. Model satovja slu\u017ei kot povzetek vsebine, obenem pa tudi kot didakti\u010dni model ter pripomo\u010dek za oblikovanje u\u010dnih izidov glede predkoncepcijskega zdravja in obravnave. Model in njegovi elementi oblikujejo ogrodje, ki nudi mo\u017enost za (e-)izobra\u017eevanja; materiali so dostopni na spleti\u0161\u010du.<\/div>\n<div>Vsebina PKZO modela (satovje) zdru\u017euje dejavnike, ki vplivajo na plodnost. Raziskave ves \u010das dajejo nove informacije, ki bi jih morali vedeti mladostniki in mladi odrasli, da bi se lahko modro odlo\u010dali in za\u0161\u010ditili svojo zmo\u017enost plodnosti. Vsebina satovja se bo v \u010dasu projekta \u0161irila in postajala vse bolj kompleksna. Za\u010denjamo z dejavniki, za katere je \u017ee dokazano, da imajo mo\u010dan vpliva na plodnost.<\/div>\n<p><b>Starost in plodnost<\/b><br><\/p><p>Starost vpliva na zmo\u017enost spo\u010detja. Sposobnost oploditve \u017eenske in mo\u0161kega&nbsp; z vi\u0161anjem starosti upada. Starost je najmo\u010dnej\u0161i individualni dejavnik, ki vpliva na rodnost \u017eensk. Pri mo\u0161kih je povezava med starostjo in plodnostjo bolj subtilna, a vseeno dokazana. Medtem, ko je vpliv vi\u0161je starosti \u017eenske na njeno plodnost \u017ee dolgo prepoznan, novej\u0161e \u0161tudije sedaj jasno potrjujejo tudi povezavo med vi\u0161jo starostjo mo\u0161kega in njegovo zmo\u017enostjo za spo\u010detje otroka ter zdravstvenimi komplikacijami v nose\u010dnosti.\n<\/p><div><b>Razumevanje na\u010del reprodukcije<\/b><br>Veliko mo\u0161kih in \u017eensk nima dovolj znanja o plodnosti, vklju\u010dno z dejstvi o anatomiji in fiziologiji reproduktivnega sistema. Zato smo v tem sklopu modela zbrali informacije za bolj\u0161e razumevanje kako do spo\u010detja pride.<br><br><b>Odlo\u010ditve za zdrav \u017eivljenjski stil<\/b><br>\u017divljenjski stil oblikujejo osebne odlo\u010ditve. \u017divljenjske navade posameznika torej vplivajo na njegovo zdravje in dobrobit, torej tudi na plodnost.&nbsp; Dejavniki, ki so plod osebnih odlo\u010ditev in pozitivno ali negativno delujejo na mo\u0161ko in \u017eensko plodnost zahtevajo posebno pozornost, saj jih je s spremembo \u017eivljenjskega sloga mo\u017eno spreminjati ter tako krepiti ali omiliti njihov vpliv.<br><br><b>Tveganje za infekcije<\/b><br>Infekcije (oz. infekcijske bolezni) lahko delujejo na reproduktivne sposobnosti mo\u0161kega in\/ali \u017eenske. To so oku\u017ebe kot na primer spolno prenosljive infekcije (Sexually Transmitted Infections &#8211; STIs) ali TORCH infekcije (Toxoplasmosis; Other &#8211; syphilis, varicella-zoster, parvovirus B19; Rubella; Cytomegalovirus; Herpes \u2013 TORCHs). Ocena tveganja, presejanje in diagnostika ter zdravljenje teh infekcij bi moral biti integralni del predkoncepcijske zdravstvene obravnave para.<br><br><b>Predhodna obolenja<\/b><br>Dolo\u010dena (kroni\u010dna) obolenja lahko tako pri mo\u0161kih kot pri \u017eenskah vi\u0161ajo tveganje za neplodnost oz. vplivajo na poznej\u0161e zdravje otroka. Predhodna obolenja so povezana tudi s slabimi izidi nose\u010dnosti, zato se svetuje predhodno presejanje. Stanja, ki zahtevajo pozorno spremljanje s strani zdravstvenih strokovnjakov \u0161e pred zanositvijo so: presnovna, endokrina, nevrolo\u0161ka, kardiovaskularna, gastrointestinalna, ledvi\u010dna, imunolo\u0161ka in hematolo\u0161ka obolenja.<br><br><b>Izpostavljenost okoljskim vplivom<\/b><br>Izpostavljenost negativnim okoljskim vplivom v kriti\u010dnih trenutkih med nose\u010dnostjo, lahko prina\u0161a dolgoro\u010dne in medgeneracijske \u0161kodljive posledice za zdravje. Vpliv velike ve\u010dine kemikalij v vsakodnevni rabi na plodnost ni bil nikoli ocenjen. Dolgotrajna izpostavljenost lahko \u0161kodljivo vpliva na reproduktivno sposobnost mo\u0161kih in \u017eensk. Opredelitev posameznikov in posameznic z ve\u010djim tveganjem je nujno, da se jim lahko ponudi svetovanje o vplivu kemi\u010dnih toksinov na njihovo plodnost ter se jih opolnomo\u010di in podpre v ukrepih za aktivno prepre\u010devanje izpostavljenosti \u0161kodljivim dejavnikom.<br><br><b>Delavno okolje<\/b><br>Nekatera tveganja za reproduktivno sposobnost mo\u0161kih in \u017eensk predstavlja tudi delovno okolje. Jasni dokazi omogo\u010dajo zdravstvenim strokovnjakom usmeritve za u\u010dinkovito predkoncepcijsko obravnavo. Opredelitev najpogostej\u0161ih in za prevencijo dovzetnih dejavnikov tveganja, ki lahko ogrozijo plodnost posameznikov na delovnem mestu, mora biti osnova zdravstveno vzgojnega dela zdravstvenih strokovnjakov, da lahko prepre\u010dijo probleme v prihodnosti. <br><br><b>Dru\u017ebeno okolje<\/b><br>Dru\u017ebeno okolje in njegove determinante lahko vplivajo na reproduktivno zdravje. Zdravstveni strokovnjaki imajo v\u010dasih zadr\u017eke v \u010dasu svetovanj pred zanositvijo oz. nose\u010dnostjo razpravljati o zdravstvenih temah, povezanih s stigmo, vendar pa so le-te pomembno povezane z zdravjem bodo\u010de mame in otroka. Spremenljivke socialnega okolja so lahko soseska (mobilnost), izobrazba, (ne-)enakost (diskriminacija) in socialna opora s strani prijateljev, sorodnikov. Nasloviti je potrebno tudi morebitno nasilje v partnerski zvezi.<\/div><div><br><\/div><div>O vplivu zgoraj navedenih dejavnikov na plodnost \u017ee obstajajo mo\u010dni dokazi. Projekt in model satovja zdru\u017eujeta izsledke znanstvenih virov ter na raziskavah temelje\u010de razvite u\u010dne materiale.<br><br>Model PKZO navaja dejavnike, ki vplivajo na plodnost, vendar jih ne razvr\u0161\u010da po pomembnosti. Plodnost je izjemno individualna in edinstvena zna\u010dilnost vsakega posameznika oz. posameznice.<br><\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"9\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6599\" aria-expanded=\"false\">SWE<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-6599\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"9\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-6599\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><p><b>BESKRIVNING AV PCHC-MODELLEN F\u00d6R UTBILDARE<\/b><br><br>PCHC-modellen ramar in inneh\u00e5llet och definierar elementen i Preconception Health and Care (H\u00e4lsa ovh v\u00e5rd f\u00f6re befruktning). PCHC-modellen \u00e4r baserat p\u00e5 f\u00e4rska och uppdaterade data. Utg\u00e5ngspunkten f\u00f6r modellen \u00e4r h\u00e4lsofr\u00e4mjande och inneh\u00e5ller biologiska, psykologiska, sociala, etiska och kulturella aspekter. Modellen \u00e4r l\u00e4tt att till\u00e4mpa p\u00e5 l\u00e4roplanerna i olika l\u00e4nder. Modellen kan fungera som referensram f\u00f6r r\u00e5dgivning och behandling av reproduktiv h\u00e4lsa. Honeycomb-modellen (honungskakan) och dess enskilda celler ger en ram f\u00f6r (e-learning) kurserna och v\u00e5r PreconNet online-plattformen.<br><br>Inneh\u00e5llet i PCHC-modellen (Honeycomb) beskriver faktorer som p\u00e5verkar fertiliteten. Forskning avsl\u00f6jar st\u00e4ndigt ny information som b\u00f6r \u00f6verf\u00f6ras till ungdomar och vuxna f\u00f6r att se till att de vet hur man skyddar deras fertilitet och hj\u00e4lper dem att g\u00f6ra kloka val. Inneh\u00e5llet i Honeycomb-modellen kommer att v\u00e4xa under projektet. Vi utg\u00e5r fr\u00e5n faktorer med starka bevis p\u00e5 fertilitetseffekter.<\/p>\n<p><b>\u00c5lder och fertilitet<\/b><br>\u00c5lder p\u00e5verkar fertiliteten. B\u00e5de kvinnlig och manlig fertilitet, f\u00f6rm\u00e5gan att bli gravid och befrukta, f\u00f6rs\u00e4mras med \u00e5ldern. \u00c5lder \u00e4r den mest betydelsefulla faktorn som p\u00e5verkar fertiliteten. \u00c5ldersrelaterad nedg\u00e5ng i manlig fertilitet intr\u00e4ffar senare \u00e4n \u00e5ldersrelaterad nedg\u00e5ng i kvinnlig fertilitet. Effekterna av kvinnans \u00e5lder p\u00e5 fertiliteten har varit k\u00e4nda under l\u00e5ng tid. Nya studier visar att mans\u00e5lder ocks\u00e5 p\u00e5verkar fertilitet och graviditet.<br><br><b>F\u00f6rst\u00e5 reproduktion<\/b><br>M\u00e5nga kvinnor och m\u00e4n saknar kunskap om fertilitet, inklusive anatomi och fysiologisk funktion i deras reproduktionssystem. Den h\u00e4r delen l\u00e4r oss att f\u00f6rst\u00e5 hur befruktningen h\u00e4nder.<br><br><b>Livsstilsfaktorer<\/b><br>Livsstilsfaktorer \u00e4r vanor och livsval, som kan p\u00e5verka den allm\u00e4nna h\u00e4lsan och v\u00e4lbefinnandet, inklusive fertilitet. Det inflytande som livsstilsfaktorer har p\u00e5 fertilitet f\u00f6rtj\u00e4nar v\u00e5r uppm\u00e4rksamhet. Det finns livsstilsfaktorer som p\u00e5verkar fertiliteten negativt medan andra \u00e4r f\u00f6rdelaktiga f\u00f6r fertilitet hos b\u00e5de m\u00e4n och kvinnor.<br><br><b>Infektionsrisk<\/b><br>Infektioner (infektionssjukdomar) kan p\u00e5verka kvinnors och m\u00e4ns reproduktiva h\u00e4lsa. Dessa infektioner str\u00e4cker sig fr\u00e5n sexuellt \u00f6verf\u00f6rbara infektioner (STI) till TORCHS-infektioner. Riskbed\u00f6mning, screening och behandling av specifika infektioner b\u00f6r vara en del av preconception-v\u00e5rd.<br><br><b>Befintliga medicinska tillst\u00e5nd<\/b><br>Vissa (kroniska) medicinska tillst\u00e5nd hos b\u00e5de m\u00e4n och kvinnor, \u00f6kar risken f\u00f6r infertilitetsproblem och risken f\u00f6r att f\u00e5 ett oh\u00e4lsosamt barn. Eftersom redan existerande medicinska tillst\u00e5nd har associerats med d\u00e5liga graviditetsresultat rekommenderas screening av en professionell. F\u00f6ljande tillst\u00e5nd beh\u00f6ver uppm\u00e4rksammas i god tid f\u00f6re graviditet: diabetes och andra endokrina, neurologiska, kardiovaskul\u00e4ra, gastrointestinala, njur, immunologiska och hematologiska st\u00f6rningar.<br><br><b>Milj\u00f6faktorer<\/b><br>Milj\u00f6exponering under kritiska perioder under graviditeten kan leda till livsl\u00e5nga eller negativa h\u00e4lsoeffekter mellan generationerna. De flesta kemikalier i kommersiellt bruk har inte testats med avseende p\u00e5 fertilitetstoxicitet. Milj\u00f6exponering kan leda till negativa effekter av reproduktion av kvinnor och m\u00e4n. Att identifiera m\u00e4n och kvinnor i riskzonen, ge r\u00e5dgivning om effekterna av kemiska toxiska \u00e4mnen och ge m\u00e4n och kvinnor m\u00f6jlighet att vidta f\u00f6rsiktighets\u00e5tg\u00e4rder, anges i riktlinjer f\u00f6r preconception.<br><br><b>Yrkesmilj\u00f6<\/b><br>Yrkesrisker kan p\u00e5verka m\u00e4ns och kvinnors reproduktiva h\u00e4lsa. Beviset \u00e4r tydligt och ger v\u00e4gledning f\u00f6r v\u00e5rdpersonal som arbetar inom preconception h\u00e4lsa och v\u00e5rd. Att identifiera de mest mottagliga h\u00e4lsoriskerna f\u00f6r fertilitet \u00e4r nyckeln f\u00f6r att undvika framtida problem.<br><br><b>Social milj\u00f6<\/b><br>Social milj\u00f6 och dess avg\u00f6rande faktorer kan p\u00e5verka reproduktiv h\u00e4lsa. Under kvinnors r\u00e5dgivning f\u00f6re och efter graviditet kan v\u00e5rdgivare ha sv\u00e5rt att diskutera socialt stigmatiserade h\u00e4lso\u00e4mnen, som \u00e4r viktiga f\u00f6r h\u00e4lsan hos b\u00e5de mor och barn. Variabler i den sociala milj\u00f6n kan vara grannskap (bost\u00e4der, r\u00f6rlighet), utbildning, diskriminering (oj\u00e4mlikhet) och socialt st\u00f6d fr\u00e5n v\u00e4nner, sl\u00e4ktingar, inklusive v\u00e5ld mellan m\u00e4nskliga relationer och intim partner.<br><br>Det finns starka bevis f\u00f6r de ovan n\u00e4mnda teman. Projektet och Honeycomb-modellen syntetiserar den vetenskapliga litteraturen och \u00f6vers\u00e4tter bevisen till verktyg f\u00f6r utbildning.<br><br>V\u00e5r PCHC-modell beskriver faktorerna utan att g\u00f6ra prioritetslistor. Fertilitet \u00e4r en mycket individuell och unik fr\u00e5ga f\u00f6r alla.<br><br><\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9cc2025 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9cc2025\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c33403e\" data-id=\"c33403e\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-af1c023 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"af1c023\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-74a2ed7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"74a2ed7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">PCHC-competences in midwife and nurse education<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9e2f248 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9e2f248\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: left\"><strong>The midwife and nurse student<\/strong><br \/>&#8211; knows the factors affecting fertility and PCH<br \/>&#8211; advises clients and promotes their fertility awareness<br \/>&#8211; is competent to counsel and support in family planning issues<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6773dff elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"6773dff\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-e310ab2 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"e310ab2\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-bb5ac55\" data-id=\"bb5ac55\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-075db5c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"075db5c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">PreconNet presentation by Magali De Pauw<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-0bb3cf8 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0bb3cf8\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-3c55310\" data-id=\"3c55310\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e8a9ebf elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e8a9ebf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\t<p>Click the picture on the right and watch Magali De Pauw&#8217;s presentation of the honeycomb model.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-a51deb2\" data-id=\"a51deb2\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-acb854d elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"acb854d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-image\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.canva.com\/design\/DAEpnUjaeEM\/F0Tc084zb26Jns5BcxjuKw\/view?utm_content=DAEpnUjaeEM&#038;utm_campaign=designshare&#038;utm_medium=link&#038;utm_source=recording_view\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"827\" height=\"464\" src=\"https:\/\/webpages.tuni.fi\/preco\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/386\/files\/2021\/09\/Magali-presentation.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/webpages.tuni.fi\/preco\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/386\/files\/2021\/09\/Magali-presentation.jpg 827w, https:\/\/webpages.tuni.fi\/preco\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/386\/files\/2021\/09\/Magali-presentation-300x168.jpg 300w, https:\/\/webpages.tuni.fi\/preco\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/386\/files\/2021\/09\/Magali-presentation-768x431.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 827px) 100vw, 827px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f9a9999 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"f9a9999\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a05fd20 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"a05fd20\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-large\">PreconNet project and PCHC-model leaflet<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b884b1f elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"b884b1f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-image\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"http:\/\/preco.tamk.fi\/files\/2020\/03\/200304-PCN-gen.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"410\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/webpages.tuni.fi\/preco\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/386\/files\/2020\/03\/PCHC-Model-Info-410x1024.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/webpages.tuni.fi\/preco\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/386\/files\/2020\/03\/PCHC-Model-Info-410x1024.png 410w, https:\/\/webpages.tuni.fi\/preco\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/386\/files\/2020\/03\/PCHC-Model-Info-120x300.png 120w, https:\/\/webpages.tuni.fi\/preco\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/386\/files\/2020\/03\/PCHC-Model-Info.png 833w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 410px) 100vw, 410px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ec1b4b5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ec1b4b5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\t<p><a href=\"http:\/\/preco.tamk.fi\/files\/2020\/03\/200304-PCN-gen.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Click<\/a> on the image above to download the English version of the leaflet.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-453fe78 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"453fe78\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-a154ee6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"a154ee6\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9b078e7\" data-id=\"9b078e7\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bc87530 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"bc87530\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"sfsi_widget sfsi_shortcode_container\"><div id=\"sfsi_wDiv\"><\/div><div class=\"norm_row sfsi_wDiv \"  style=\"width:225px;text-align:left;\"><div style='width:40px; height:40px;margin-left:5px;margin-bottom:5px; ' class='sfsi_wicons shuffeldiv ' ><div class='inerCnt'><a class=' sficn' data-effect='' target='_blank'  href='' id='sfsiid_facebook_icon' style='opacity:1'  ><img data-pin-nopin='true' 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class=\"sfsi_wicon\" data-pin-nopin= true alt=\"Share\" title=\"Share\" src=\"https:\/\/webpages.tuni.fi\/preco\/wp-content\/plugins\/ultimate-social-media-icons\/images\/share_icons\/Linkedin_Share\/en_US_share.svg\" \/><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div ><div id=\"sfsi_holder\" class=\"sfsi_holders\" style=\"position: relative; float: left;width:100%;z-index:-1;\"><\/div ><script>window.addEventListener(\"sfsi_functions_loaded\", function() \r\n\t\t\t{\r\n\t\t\t\tif (typeof sfsi_widget_set == \"function\") {\r\n\t\t\t\t\tsfsi_widget_set();\r\n\t\t\t\t}\r\n\t\t\t}); <\/script><div style=\"clear: both;\"><\/div><\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>DESCRIPTION OF THE PCHC-MODEL FOR EDUCATORS The PCHC-model frames the content and defines the elements of preconception health and care. The elements describe the latest approaches in preconception health and care, including biological and health promotion approaches, as well as psychological, social, ethical and cultural perspectives. The model is easy to translate into the curricula<br \/><a class=\"moretag\" href=\"https:\/\/webpages.tuni.fi\/preco\/pchc-model\/\">+ Read More<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":17903,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-715","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/webpages.tuni.fi\/preco\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/715","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/webpages.tuni.fi\/preco\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/webpages.tuni.fi\/preco\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/webpages.tuni.fi\/preco\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/17903"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/webpages.tuni.fi\/preco\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=715"}],"version-history":[{"count":107,"href":"https:\/\/webpages.tuni.fi\/preco\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/715\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2617,"href":"https:\/\/webpages.tuni.fi\/preco\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/715\/revisions\/2617"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/webpages.tuni.fi\/preco\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=715"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}